Single row of turbines

We start with the imports for this example:

In [1]:

%matplotlib inline
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

import foxes
import foxes.variables as FV

The foxes setup is described in the Overview section. In summary, it consists of creating:

  1. The so-called model book, which contains all selectable models

  2. Ambient wind conditions, called states in foxes terminology

  3. The wind farm, collecting all turbine information

  4. The algorithm with its parameters and model choices

Here is a simple example for a single row of turbines along the x axis and a uniform wind speed with wind direction 270°:

In [2]:

# Create model book and add turbine type model:
# The csv file will be searched in the file system,
# and if not found, taken from static library.
#
# Note that we could actually skip adding the "NREL5"
# model and use "NREL5MW" which already exists in the
# default model book. Here this is for demonstrational
# purposes, in case you have your own turbine file:
mbook = foxes.ModelBook()
mbook.turbine_types["NREL5"] = foxes.models.turbine_types.PCtFile(
    "NREL-5MW-D126-H90.csv"
)

# create ambient wind conditions, a single uniform state:
states = foxes.input.states.SingleStateStates(ws=9.0, wd=270.0, ti=0.12, rho=1.225)

# create wind farm, a single row of turbines:
farm = foxes.WindFarm()
foxes.input.farm_layout.add_row(
    farm=farm,
    xy_base=[0.0, 0.0],
    xy_step=[800.0, 0.0],
    n_turbines=5,
    turbine_models=["NREL5"],
    verbosity=0,
)

# setup the calculation algorithm:
algo = foxes.algorithms.Downwind(
    mbook, farm, states, verbosity=0, wake_models=["Jensen_linear_k007"]
)

Now we can ask the algorithm object to run the calculation. This returns a xarray.Dataset object with results for each state and turbine:

In [3]:

farm_results = algo.calc_farm()
print("\nFarm results:\n", farm_results)


Farm results:
 <xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:    (state: 1, turbine: 5)
Coordinates:
  * state      (state) int64 0
Dimensions without coordinates: turbine
Data variables: (12/25)
    AMB_CT     (state, turbine) float64 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79
    AMB_P      (state, turbine) float64 2.519e+03 2.519e+03 ... 2.519e+03
    AMB_REWS   (state, turbine) float64 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
    AMB_REWS2  (state, turbine) float64 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
    AMB_REWS3  (state, turbine) float64 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
    AMB_RHO    (state, turbine) float64 1.225 1.225 1.225 1.225 1.225
    ...         ...
    X          (state, turbine) float64 0.0 800.0 1.6e+03 2.4e+03 3.2e+03
    Y          (state, turbine) float64 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
    YAW        (state, turbine) float64 270.0 270.0 270.0 270.0 270.0
    order      (state, turbine) int64 0 1 2 3 4
    weight     (state, turbine) float64 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
    tname      (turbine) <U2 'T0' 'T1' 'T2' 'T3' 'T4'

For a convenient summary printout we can easily convert the results into a pandas.DataFrame:

In [4]:

fr = farm_results.to_dataframe()
print(fr[[FV.WD, FV.AMB_REWS, FV.REWS, FV.TI, FV.AMB_P, FV.P, FV.CT]])

                  WD  AMB_REWS      REWS    TI   AMB_P            P        CT
state turbine
0     0        270.0       9.0  9.000000  0.12  2518.6  2518.600000  0.790000
      1        270.0       9.0  7.633459  0.12  2518.6  1557.076947  0.803665
      2        270.0       9.0  7.176627  0.12  2518.6  1290.332498  0.808234
      3        270.0       9.0  6.955794  0.12  2518.6  1167.325199  0.812210
      4        270.0       9.0  6.821354  0.12  2518.6  1106.880886  0.818932

Once the farm calculation results are ready, we can evaluate the wake corrected flow and all points of interest. For example, we can evaluate the wind speed along the centre line:

In [5]:

# infer hub height from turbine type:
H = mbook.turbine_types["NREL5"].H

# create points of interest, shape (n_states, n_points, 3):
n_points = 8000
points = np.zeros((1, n_points, 3))
points[:, :, 0] = np.linspace(-100.0, 15000.0, n_points)[None, :]
points[:, :, 2] = H

# calculate point results:
point_results = algo.calc_points(farm_results, points)
print("\nPoint results:\n", point_results)

# create figure:
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 5))
ax.plot(points[0, :, 0], point_results[FV.WS][0, :])
ax.set_xlabel("x [m]")
ax.set_ylabel("Wind speed [m/s]")
plt.show()


Point results:
 <xarray.Dataset>
Dimensions:  (state: 1, point: 8000)
Coordinates:
  * state    (state) int64 0
Dimensions without coordinates: point
Data variables:
    TI       (state, point) float64 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 ... 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
    WS       (state, point) float64 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 ... 8.916 8.916 8.916 8.916
    RHO      (state, point) float64 1.225 1.225 1.225 ... 1.225 1.225 1.225
    WD       (state, point) float64 270.0 270.0 270.0 ... 270.0 270.0 270.0
    AMB_TI   (state, point) float64 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 ... 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12
    AMB_WS   (state, point) float64 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 ... 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0
    AMB_RHO  (state, point) float64 1.225 1.225 1.225 ... 1.225 1.225 1.225
    AMB_WD   (state, point) float64 270.0 270.0 270.0 ... 270.0 270.0 270.0
../_images/notebooks_single_row_10_1.png

The foxes.output package provides a collection of standard outputs. For example, we can visualize the flow field in a horizontal slice at hub height:

In [6]:

o = foxes.output.FlowPlots2D(algo, farm_results)
g = o.gen_states_fig_xy("WS", resolution=10, figsize=(10, 5), verbosity=0)
fig = next(g)  # creates the figure for the next state, here there is only state 0
plt.show()
../_images/notebooks_single_row_12_0.png